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Library Catalog Research

Subject heading- control vocabulary

Subdivisions are terms that are placed after Library of Congress subject headings to identify a narrower category of information.

There are four main types of subdivisions:

a) Topical Archeology   - Methodology
b) Form Archeology      - Fiction
c) Chronological Archeology  - History-18th century
d) Geographic Archeology      - Egypt

Topical subdivisions
Topical subdivisions are used under all types of subject headings — personal, corporate, family, and geographic names, uniform titles, and topical headings — to represent a particular subtopic and narrow down the broader subject.  A topical subdivision may represent a concept, attribute, aspect, action or process, methodology or technique, a part of the whole, or another category of term.  Some examples include:

E.g.    $x Philosophy      [concept]

$x Density      [attribute, under types of chemicals]

$x Psychological aspects      [aspect]

$x Employee participation      [action or process]

$x Aging      [action or process]

$x Statistical methods       [methodology]

$x Respiratory organs      [part of the whole, under types of animals]

$x Museums      [part of the whole, under names of corporate bodies]

Form subdivision
Form subdivisions indicate the nature of the material rather than something about its content; in other words, they indicate what a work is, not what it is about.  Examples include:

E.g.    $v Bibliography

$v Catalogs

$v Dictionaries

$v Early works to 1800

[considered to be a form subdivision, not a chronological one, because the approach to the subject matter may not be chronologically based]

$v Exhibitions

$v Periodicals

$v Textbooks

Chronological subdivisions
Chronological subdivisions are applicable when the work covers the history, or an aspect of the history, of a given topic, corporate body, or place during a limited time period.

Modern history:  Century subdivisions may be used under “$x History” from “$y 16th century” through “$y 21st century,” as applicable.

E.g.    650  0  $a Iroquois Indians $x History $y 17th century.

650  0  $a Coal mines and mining $z Pennsylvania $x History $y 19th century.

610 20 $a Harvard University $x History $y 20th century.

 Geographic subdivisions
Geographic subdivisions may be used under topical subject headings and following topical subdivisions when they are specifically authorised, as indicated by:

• Subject Cataloging Manual:  Subject Headings:  The phrase “(May Subd Geog)” following a subdivision.
• The “red books” (printed LCSH list):  The phrase “(May Subd Geog)” following a subject heading. 

E.g.    Free floating subdivision in the Subject Cataloging Manual:  $x Government policy (May Subd Geog)

Therefore: 650  0  $a Wetland conservation $x Government policy $z Poland

is valid